Lithuanian has quite an "overgrown" participial system in comparison with the other Indo-European languages, like Latin, Greek and Sanskrit. In most of the Indo-European languages the inherited participial systems were reduced but Lithuanian not only kept all the inherited Indo-European participles, but it expanded their system. In this short note we focus on the comparability of the past active participle in -ęs with some participial forms of Latin and Greek. The Latin ablative absolute finds its counterpart in Lithuanian in the past participle in -ęs (singular masculine nominative) -ę (plural masculine nominative) -usi (singular feminine nominative) -usios (plural feminine nominative): Dux, caesis hostibus, liberavit exercitum = vadas , priešą nužudęs, išlaisvino kariuomenę = The commander after slaughtering the enemy freed the army Caesar, oratione habita, in Italiam profectus est = Cezaris , pasak ęs kalbą, išvyko į Italiją = Caesar, having made a speech, set o...
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