Asmuo ir Asmenybė Antano Maceinos Filosofijoje

Antano Maceinos skirtis tarp „asmens“ ir „asmenybės“ yra itin įžvalgi. Viena vertus, ši skirtis primena Heideggerio atskyrimą tarp ontinio ir ontologinio, o kita vertus – Williamo Desmondo skirtį tarp Pirmojo ir Antrojo Etoso: pirmasis etosas reiškia Pirminę Duotybę, o antrasis – istorinį, refleksyvų ir kultūriškai išskleistą santykį su ja.

Toliau pateikiama trumpa Maceinos pozicijos santrauka.

Maceina aiškiai skiria asmenį ir asmenybę.

Trumpai tariant, asmuo yra ontologinis faktas, o asmenybė – dvasinis laimėjimas.

Asmuo

Kiekvienas žmogus yra asmuo.

Asmuo yra žmogiškos būtybės pagrindas, jos ontologinis statusas.

Tai reiškia:

asmuo yra duotybė, nepasirenkama ir neįgyjama
jis nematuojamas galiomis ar pasiekimais
asmuo yra tiesiog Aš, toks pat kaip visi kiti Aš
asmuo yra būties centras, iš kurio kyla galimybė tapti asmenybe

Maceina pabrėžia, kad asmuo yra prigimtinis, todėl visi žmonės yra lygūs kaip asmenys.

Asmenybė

Ne kiekvienas žmogus yra asmenybė.

Asmenybė – tai asmens galių išsiskleidimas, dvasinis ir kūrybinis augimas.

Tai reiškia:

asmenybė yra rezultatas, o ne duotybė
ji matuojama galiomis ir jų išskleidimu
asmenybė atsiskleidžia kūryboje, veikloje, atsakomybėje, dvasinėje brandoje
asmenybe tampama aktyviai realizuojant savo vidinį pašaukimą

Kaip rašo Maceina:

„Asmuo yra žmogiškosios būtybės pagrindas, tuo tarpu asmenybė yra didesnis ar mažesnis jos galių išsiskleidimas.“

Comments

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